Bacteria adapt readily to many different nutritional environments by altering gene expression in accordance with the availability of particular nutrients. Each metabolic gene or operon is regulated by ...

Important developments in the design of recombinant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as mucosal carriers for a range of health-beneficial compounds, such as antigens, allergens, immune modulators, ...

Objective Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of global illness and death, most commonly caused by cigarette smoke. The mechanisms of pathogenesis remain poorly understood, ...

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Urease activity was determined using the indophenol blue colorimetric method. Soil samples were incubated with urea and citrate buffer at 37 °C for 24 hours, then filtered. The filtrate was reacted ...