How does DNA determine an organism’s characteristics? A process called translation decodes RNA created during transcription, and uses it to create proteins that perform specific cellular functions.

To manufacture protein molecules, a cell must first transfer information from DNA to mRNA through the process of transcription. Then, a process called translation uses this mRNA as a template for ...

Somewhere in a sample of ordinary pond water, a single-celled organism has been quietly breaking one of biology’s most fundamental rules. Condylostoma magnum, a free-living ciliate barely visible to ...

The genetic building blocks of life—formed from the four nucleotides adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T)—are read in groups of three known as codons. While some codons (known as ...