Although the basic idea of quantum physics dates back to the earliest years of the twentieth century, it wasn’t until 1925, on the German island of Heligoland, that Werner Heisenberg had the ...

If you define the concept of entropy in a way that it compatible with the basic ideas of quantum physics, then there is no longer any contradiction between quantum physics and thermodynamics. Entropy ...

We’re celebrating 180 years of Scientific American. Explore our legacy of discovery and look ahead to the future. This year is the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology, according to ...

To keep communications secure in a post-quantum world, cryptographers are digging down into the concept of cause and effect.

This illustration shows, from left to right: John Clarke, Michel Devoret and John Martinis. Niklas Elmehed © Nobel Prize Outreach, CC BY-NC Since the prize ...

Quantum physics describes matter and light in terms of discrete quanta and inherently probabilistic rules that depart from classical intuition. At its heart lie wave–particle duality—entities such as ...